WHAT ARE THE NEUROTRANSMITTER?

 

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers in the body. Their job is to transmit signals from nerve cells to target cells. These target cells may be in muscles, glands, or other nerves.

The brain needs neurotransmitters to regulate many necessary functions, including:

• heart rate
• breathing
• sleep cycles
• digestion
• mood
• concentration
• appetite
• muscle movement

The nervous system controls the body’s organs, psychological functions, and physical functions. Nerve cells, also known as neurons, and their neurotransmitters play important roles in this system.

Nerve cells fire nerve impulses. They do this by releasing neurotransmitters, which are chemicals that carry signals to other cells.

Neurotransmitters relay their messages by traveling between cells and attaching to specific receptors on target cells.

Each neurotransmitter attaches to a different receptor — for example, dopamine molecules attach to dopamine receptors. When they attach, this triggers action in the target cells.

After neurotransmitters deliver their messages, the body breaks down or recycles them.

Key types of neurotransmitters

Many bodily functions need neurotransmitters to help communicate with the brain.

Experts have identified more than 100 neurotransmitters to date.

Neurotransmitters have different types of action:

• Excitatory neurotransmitters encourage a target cell to take action.
• Inhibitory neurotransmitters decrease the chances of the target cell taking action. In some cases, these neurotransmitters have a relaxation-like effect.
• Modulatory neurotransmitters can send messages to many neurons at the same time. They also communicate with other neurotransmitters.

Some neurotransmitters can carry out various functions, depending on the type of receptor that they are connecting to.

The following sections describe some of the best-known neurotransmitters.

Acetylcholine

Acetylcholine triggers muscle contractions, stimulates some hormones, and controls the heartbeat. It also plays an important role in brain function and memory. It is an excitatory neurotransmitter.

Low levels of acetylcholine are linked with issues with memory and thinking, such as those that affect people with Alzheimer’s disease. Some Alzheimer’s medications help slow the breakdown of acetylcholine in the body, and this can help control some symptoms, such as memory loss.

Having high levels of acetylcholine can cause too much muscle contraction. This can lead to seizures, spasms, and other health issues.

The nutrient choline, which is present in many foods, is a building block of acetylcholine. People must get enough choline from their diets to produce adequate levels of acetylcholine. However, it is not clear whether consuming more choline can help boost levels of this neurotransmitter.

Choline is available as a supplement, and taking high doses can lead to serious side effects, such as liver damage and seizures. Generally, only people with certain health conditions need choline supplements.

Dopamine

Dopamine is important for memory, learning, behavior, and movement coordination. Many people know dopamine as a pleasure or reward neurotransmitter. The brain releases dopamine during pleasurable activities.

Dopamine is also responsible for muscle movement. A dopamine deficiency can cause Parkinson’s disease.

A healthful diet may help balance dopamine levels. The body needs certain amino acids to produce dopamine, and amino acids are found in protein-rich foods.

Meanwhile, eating high amounts of saturated fat can lead to lower dopamine activity, according to research from 2015. Also, certain studies suggest that a deficiency in vitamin D can lead to low dopamine activity.

While there are no dopamine supplements, exercise may help boost levels naturally. Some research has shown that regular exercise improves dopamine signaling in people who have early stage Parkinson’s disease.

Endorphins

The body may release endorphins during laughter.

Endorphins inhibit pain signals and create an energized, euphoric feeling. They are also the body’s natural pain relievers.

One of the best-known ways to boost levels of feel-good endorphins is through aerobic exercise. A “runner’s high,” for example, is a release of endorphins. Also, research indicates that laughter releases endorphins.

Endorphins may help fight pain. The National Headache Foundation say that low levels of endorphins may play a role in some headache disorders.

A deficiency in endorphins may also play a role in fibromyalgia. The Arthritis Foundation recommend exercise as a natural treatment for fibromyalgia, due to its ability to boost endorphins.

Epinephrine

Also known as adrenaline, epinephrine is involved in the body’s “fight or flight” response. It is both a hormone and a neurotransmitter.

When a person is stressed or scared, their body may release epinephrine. Epinephrine increases heart rate and breathing and gives the muscles a jolt of energy. It also helps the brain make quick decisions in the face of danger.

While epinephrine is useful if a person is threatened, chronic stress can cause the body to release too much of this hormone. Over time, chronic stress can lead to health problems, such as decreased immunity, high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart disease.

People who are dealing with ongoing high levels of stress may wish to try techniques such as meditation, deep breathing, and exercise.

Anyone who thinks that their levels of stress could be dangerously high or that they may have anxiety or depression should speak with a healthcare provider.

Meanwhile, doctors can use epinephrine to treat many life threatening conditions, including:

• anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction
• asthma attacks
• cardiac arrest
• severe infections

Epinephrine’s ability to constrict blood vessels can decrease swelling that results from allergic reactions and asthma attacks. In addition, epinephrine helps the heart contract again if it has stopped during cardiac arrest.

GABA

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a mood regulator. It has an inhibitory action, which stops neurons from becoming overexcited. This is why low levels of GABA can cause anxiety, irritability, and restlessness.

Benzodiazepines, or “benzos,” are drugs that can treat anxiety. They work by increasing the action of GABA. This has a calming effect that can treat anxiety attacks.

GABA is available in supplement form, but it is unclear whether these supplements help boost GABA levels in the body, according to some research 9

Serotonin

Exposure to sunlight may increase serotonin levels.

Serotonin is an inhibitory neurotransmitter. It helps regulate mood, appetite, blood clotting, sleep, and the body’s circadian rhythm.

Serotonin plays a role in depression and anxiety. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs, can relieve depression by increasing serotonin levels in the brain.

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) causes symptoms of depression in the fall and winter, when daylight is less abundant. Research indicates that SAD is linked to lower levels of serotonin.

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) increase serotonin and norepinephrine, which is another neurotransmitter. People take SNRIs to relieve symptoms of depression, anxiety, chronic pain, and fibromyalgia.

Some evidence indicates that people can increase serotonin naturally through:

• being exposed to bright light, especially sunlight
• vigorous exercise

A precursor to serotonin, called 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), is available as a supplement. While some studies have shown promising results, further research is needed to understand possible side effects of 5-HTP supplements.

Summary

Neurotransmitters play a role in nearly every function in the human body.

A balance of neurotransmitters is necessary to prevent certain health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease.

There is no proven way to ensure that neurotransmitters are balanced and working correctly. However, having a healthful lifestyle that includes regular exercise and stress management can help, in some cases.

Before trying a supplement, ask a healthcare provider. Supplements can interact with medications and may be otherwise unsafe, especially for people with certain health conditions.

Health conditions that result from an imbalance of neurotransmitters often require treatment from a professional. See a doctor regularly to discuss physical and mental health concerns.

UKWELI KUHUSU UKUBWA WA MAUMBILE YA KIUME

Kosa kubwa linalofanywa na wanaume ni kujipima urefu wa maumbile yao wakati yakiwa yamesinyaa.
 lakini naomba nikwambie kipimo halali cha uume ni pale uume unapokua umesimama tu.

• Nyeti mbili zilizosinyaa zinaweza kuonekana zinatofautiana urefu, mfano moja ikawa na sentimita sita na nyingine tisa lakini zikisimama zote zikafika sentimita 15.

• Utafiti umeonyesha mwanaume wa kawaida ana uume wenye urefu sentimita 12 mpaka 15 na unene{circumference} wa sentimita 12 akiwa amesimamisha.

• Zaidi ya asilimia 95% ya wanaume wamo kwenye hicho kiwango hicho.

 Japokua kuna wanaume wanakua na uume mkubwa kidogo kuliko vipimo nilivotaja hapo juu lakini uume ni sawa na viungo vingine vya binadamu kama mguu na mikono na haviwezi kua sawa kabisa

• Lazima kuna watu wana miguu au viganja vya mikono vikubwa kidogo kuliko wengine.

 Ni 0.6% ya wanaume wanaoupatwa na hali inayoitwa kitaalamu kama micro penis ambayo uume husimama kwa sentimita saba tu.
Hali hii husababishwa mara nyingi na kuepo kwa kiwango kidogo sana cha hormone inayoitwa growth hormone kipindi cha ukuaji.

• Hali huweza kutibiwa na wataalamu wa nyeti{urologist} bila madhara yeyote.

           Unaweza tupatia maoni yako inbox kwa kutuandikia email eddyabell@gmail.com 

DALILI ZA MWANAMKE KULIDHIKA NA TENDO LA NDOA

kufika kileleni ni nini?

hii ni hali ya mwanamke kufika mshindo baada ya kushiriki tendo la ndoa au kujichua mwenyewe, hali hii humfanya hamu ya ngono aliyekua nayo mwanzo kupungua sana.

Katika 100% ya wanawake wanaojihusisha na tendo la ndoa, ni asilimia 57% tu ndio wanaofanikiwa kufika kileleni.. hii ni idadi kubwa sana na inaweza kusababisha kuvunjika kwa mahusiano kulingana na chanzo. mara nyingi wanawake amabao wameshawahi kufikishwa kileleni huko nyuma au hufika kileleni kwa kujichua wao wenyewe, huweza kuwaacha wanaume zao wapya ambao kimsingi wameshindwa kuwafikisha tofauti na wale ambao hawajawahi kufika kileleni kabisa ma wengine wameshakua kwenye mahusiano ya wanaume mpaka sita lakini bado. hawa amabao hawajawahi kabisa sio rahisi kuachana na wanaume zao kwani wao wameshajua tatizo liko kwao. sasa inshu ni kwamba bado kuna wanaume wengi ambao hua wanapata hofu yaani hawajui kama wanawake zao wanafika kileleni au vipi.. kuna aina mbili za wanawake....wapo ambao wanasema ukweli hawajafika na wapo ambao wanadanganya wamefika ili umuache aendelee na shughuli zingine kwani haoni dalili za kufikishwa na kama umekutana naye kwa mara ya kwanza anaweza asikubali tena kulala na wewe.

zifuatazo ni dalili muhimu.

kubana sana kwa uke;

 kama ulikua unaendelea kufanya mapenzi kawaida kisha unaona uke wake unabana sana uume wako au kama ulikua umeweka kidole kisha unaona kidole chako kinabanwa basi ujue amefika kileleni kwani hiyo ni misuli ya uke ambayo hujikunja kipindi hicho...

kulegea mwili ghafla;

 mara nyingi kabla ya kufika kileleni anakua amekukumbatia sana na kukushika lakini inatokea nguvu zote zinamuishia na kisha anatulia na kutofanya jambo lolote tena basi ujue amefika kileleni.

kubadilika kwa tabia ghafla; 

kama alikua anapiga kelele kipindi chote cha tendo na sasa amekaa kimya au alikua kimya muda wote na sasa anapiga kelele basi ujue kwamba amefika kileleni, baadhi ya wanawake huweza kukuchana na makucha mgongoni akiwa katika hali hii.

degedege;

 hii ni hali ya kukamaa na kulegea kwa misuli litaalamu inaitwa vibration, hutokea pale mwanamke anapokua amepiga mshindo kwa msisimko mkali sana. hutokea ndani ya sekunde chache kama 15 mpaka 30 na kuacha.

kuloana sana uke;

 kipindi hiki uke huloana sana na kutoa ute wenye mchanganyiko wa rangi nyeupe lakini pia baadhi ya wanawake humwaga maji mengi na kuruka kama bomba la maji..hali hii isikutishe kwani ni moja ya vitu vya kawaida.

hujaribu kuzuia chochote unachofanya; anaweza kukuzuia kuendelea kuingiza uume kwake yani utulie vile vile ulivyo au akakushika mikono yako kwa nguvu sana, au kushikia vidole vyako kama ulikua unatumia vidole vyako kumsisimua kwenye sehemu zake za siri.

kupumua kwa kasi sana; 

hii hutokea pale anapokua tayari amemaliza kufika kileleni, hupumua kwa kasi sana na baadae huanza kupumua taratibu.

TRUETH ABOUT HAVING SEX DURING PLAGNANT PERIOD.

If you’ve had a healthy pregnancy, there’s no reason why you and your partner can’t have sex.

The thick mucus plug that seals your cervix helps to guard your baby against infection.

The amniotic sac and the strong muscles of your uterus (womb) also keep your baby safe. Your partner's penis won’t damage your baby in any way while you're having sex.

You may find your baby moves around a bit after you've had an orgasm. It's nothing to worry about.

Your baby's reacting to the pounding of your heart. He doesn't know what's happening or feel any discomfort. You may have heard that having sex can bring on labour before your baby is ready to be born. This is not true, as long as you have had a straightforward pregnancy. If your body is not ready to go into labour, having sex will not cause you to have a premature birth . In fact, it seems that if you have regular sex during pregnancy you may be less likely to give birth prematurely!

There are, however, some circumstances where you may have to be careful about having sex. If you’ve had any bleeding or spotting in early pregnancy, your doctor may advise you not to have sex until you reach 14 weeks.

CAUTION
Your doctor may say it's best not to have sex for the rest of your pregnancy if you have: a history of cervical weakness a low-lying placenta (placenta praevia) had heavy bleeding had a vaginal infection

ORGASIM /Dariri za mwanamke kifika kileleni

only 57% of women who have sex experience orgasm during sexual intercourse...43% of the remaining women dont experience it in their life time. this is a very large population and it can lead to relationship break up especially if a woman has once experienced it from her ex sexual partner. orgasm takes place from 30 seconds to 20 minutes during sexual intercouse. 

6 signs that notify woman has reached orgasim 

1.vagina contraction; if you are having sex with a woman and then you start to feel like your penis starts to be grabbed by vagina walls then you have to know that your woman has reached orgasm.

2.sudden loss of energy; `if a woman was busy doing her thing like touching your arms, chest and hugging you tightly and then she sudden stop doing it and look weak just know you have hit it.

3.sudden change in behaviour; if a woman was making noise from the start and now is becoming quite or she was quite from the start and now she is making noise then is reaching orgasm.

4.convulsions; some of the women experience massive contraction and relaxation of muscles during orgasm and it may last for 5 to 15 seconds.

5.getting so wet; a woman is always wet during sex but on reaching orgasm she becomes more wet and release whitish like fluid and some of the women release it by pressure like that from a tap water.they call it squirting.

6.increase in breathing rate; here a woman breath in very fast and if you take blood pressure, pulse rate and breathing rate per minute they will be high. this may explain  why some people die suddenly during sex especially those with heart disease.

conclusion; you dont need to see all of them to conclude that a woman has reached orgasm, just by seeing few of them its enogh..just play your part, do it relaxed and gently and she will cry for mercy within seconds.

SEX POSITION FOR PLAGNANT WOMEN

Being pregnant doesn’t mean that you have to take a break from your sex life. While your baby is inside, you need to give it all the love you can by eating the right foods and avoiding things that may cause complications during childbirth. However, you should not forget taking care of yourself too and having sex can be a great way to release stress and feel happy.
But, not all sex positions are safe for the baby and you need to be careful to not put too much weight on your abdomen. Read top 5sex myths during pregnancy busted.

1 spooning 

Spooning is a safe sex position that you can enjoy without any worries. In this sex position, the two partners should lie down sideways like two spoons combined together.
The male partner should be behind the female partner and chose an angle of penetration that is comfortable to him.

2. Woman on top

Woman on top is another position that pregnant woman can enjoy. In this position, the male partner should lie down on the bed with the female partner sitting on top of him so as to not put any weight on her abdomen.

The female partner is in full control of her movements and she can thrust at a pace she is comfortable with. Here is your ultimate sex guide for the first, second and third trimester of pregnancy.

3. Reverse cowgirl

This is another great position you can try if your partner finds that the sight of your pregnant belly is making him anxious. It’s the same as woman on top with the only difference being that the female partner should face away from the man while thrusting.

4. Lap Top

This again is very much like the reverse cowgirl position. The only difference is that the man should be sitting on a chair instead of lying down on the bed. The male partner must be facing the female partner’s back and the female partner should thrust at a speed she find so comfortable.

5.  Edge of the bed

In this position, the male partner should kneel outside the bed while the woman is lying down on the edge of the bed with her legs down. The male partner should then penetrate in a kneeling position so that no pressure is put on the abdomen.

JE UNAMJALI MPENZI WAKO

Girl:  Baby mi leo naumwaa!!

Boy: Unaumwa nini my sweet.

Girl: Naumwa mafua

Boy: Pole sana my.

Girl: Asantee
Ila baby naomba nitumie pesa ya kununua dawa etii!!!!

Boy: Shilingi ngapi unahitaji??

Girl: Elfu hamsini tu itatosha

Boy: Haaaaa!!!!!

Swali, Kama wewe ungetuma shilingi ngapi??

JE UNAMJALI MPENZI WAKO???

Girl:  Baby mi leo naumwaa!! 

Boy: Unaumwa nini my sweet. 

Girl: Naumwa mafua

Boy: Pole sana my. 

Girl: Asantee

Ila baby naomba nitumie pesa ya kununua dawa etii!!!!

Boy: Shilingi ngapi unahitaji?? 

Girl: Elfu hamsini tu itatosha.

Boy: Haaaaa!!!!! 

Swali, Kama wewe ungetuma shilingi ngapi??